Kinetic

We can utilize a significant number of Technique or strategies for isolating of mixes or blends .and we can by those techniques reading of dynamic for responses ,decide of response rate and response request . a portion of those techniques are : mass spectrometric , spectrometric and Chromatographic Methods . Yet, in this paper I simply talk about chromatographic technique . precisely, gas chromatography . Chromatography:Few techniques for substance investigation are really explicit to a specific analyte. It is regularly discovered that the analyte of intrigue must be isolated from the heap of individual aggravates that might be available in an example. Just as furnishing the scientific researcher with strategies for partition, chromatographic procedures can likewise give techniques for examination . Chromatography includes an example (or test extricate) being broken down in a portable stage (which might be a gas, a fluid or a supercritical liquid). The versatile stage is then constrained through a fixed, immiscible fixed stage. The stages are picked with the end goal that segments of the example have contrasting solvency in each stage. A segment which is very solvent in the fixed stage will take more time to go through it than a segment which isn't dissolvable in the fixed stage yet extremely solvent in the versatile stage. Because of these distinctions in mobilities , test segments will get isolated from one another as they travel through the fixed stage. Gas chromatography strategies that are utilized for concentrating first-request response energy by gas chromatography : (1) old style active techniques where tests of cluster astute active examinations are investigated by enantioselective gas chromatography, (2) halted stream techniques performed on one chiral section, (3) halted stream strategies performed on an achiral segment or void slender coupled in arrangement with two chiral segments, (4) on-stream strategy performed on an achiral segment coupled in arrangement with two chiral segments, and (5) response gas chromatography, known as a unique gas chromatography. The accompanying strategies have been created to assurance top zones of response constituents in such complex chromatograms: (I) techniques dependent on PC helped reenactments of chromatograms where the active actuation boundaries for the interconversion of enantiomers are acquired by iterative examination of test and mimicked chromatograms, (ii) stochastic strategies dependent on the reproduction of Gaussian conveyance capacities and utilizing a period subordinate likelihood thickness work, (iii) estimation work and brought together condition, (iv) PC helped top deconvolution techniques. Quick response :Reaction between metal carbonate and corrosive.- Reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric corrosive :CaCO3 + 2HCl - ; CaCl2 + H2O + CO2Reaction between receptive metal and water .- response among lithium and water :2Li + 2H2O - ; 2LiOH + H2Combustion .- ignition of magnesium in oxygen .2Mg + O2 - ; 2MgOPrecipitation (twofold disintegration )- precipitation of silver (I) chloride :AgNO3 + HCl - ; AgCl + HNO3 Rate :The rate can be estimated utilizing device on the rightrate of response = d[CaCl2]/t ,or d[CO2]/t or d[H2O] the rate can be decline or increment with change of temperature , focus , pressure , surface region or size of particles .fixation : when the focus is decline the rate decline .model : 3 g of calcium carbonate respond with 5 g of hydrochloric corrosive to create 3 g of carbon dioxide in 10s at 25C and 1atm. rate = - d [CaCO3]/t = - d[3]/10 . In any case, we lessening of centralization of calcium carbonate to 2 .rate = - d[2]/10 .weight and temperature : additionally when decline the weight or temperature the rate decline .model : 3 g of calcium carbonate respond with 5 g of hydrochloric corrosive to deliver 3 g of carbon dioxide in 10s at 25C and 1atm. rate = - d [CaCO3]/t = - d[3]/10s . yet, the time is increment to 20s , in light of the fact that the weight reduction to 0.5 and temperature abatement to 15 , so the rate = - d [3]/20s . In a substance response the reactant decline after some time and item increment over the long run . The rate will diminish over the long run as the hydrochloric corrosive is spent (its focus decreases)The diagram in after page shows the volume of gas delivered over the long run in the response among HCl and CaCO3 .All three responses bring about a similar measure of CO2 gas being created; anyway the higher the grouping of HCl, the quicker the pace of response, subsequently the less time it takes for the response to be finished . The table beneath shows the time taken to deliver 50cm3â of CO2Â for every grouping of HCl :Rate of response/cm3 of CO2 s-1 Time take to create 50 cm3 of CO2/1s Concentration of HCl/shape m-30.86 58 2.00.42 120 2.00,21 235 0.5 From the outcomes in the table above, it very well may be worked out that the pace of response is directionally corresponding to the centralization of hydrochloric corrosive, so in the event that you divide the grouping of HCl will be split, on the off chance that you quarter the fixation, the rate will be quartered . rate = k [HCl]1 Order :The request for a response isn't really a whole number. The accompanying requests are conceivable :Zero: A zero request demonstrates that the convergence of that species doesn't influence the pace of a response .Negative number: A negative request shows that the centralization of that species INVERSELY influences the pace of a response .Positive whole number: A positive request shows that the grouping of that species DIRECTLY influences the pace of a response . Non-Integer: Non-whole number requests, both positive and negative, speak to increasingly unpredictable connections among fixations and rate in progressively complex reactions.So, in The response of calcium carbonate with hydrochloric corrosive is supposed to be first request concerning hydrochloric corrosive .This is on the grounds that the rate relies on the centralization of hydrochloric corrosive to the force one . Procedure :we can proportion of pace of carbon dioxide by gas chromatography , gas chromatography can isolating of compound by breaking point , and you can examine results on your PC and estimating of pace of CO2 .and you can decide of rate by stream response that might be is easer strategy .

Take Home Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bring Home Exam - Essay Example From a more extensive perspective, the target speculations are efficient, having a specialized foundation. They will probably test proposed contentions so as to make an understood comprehension of realities. They will in general guarantee that genuineness is introduced in a precise manner. The target sees are noteworthy in deciding the undertakings and sureness of the general laws. Shirking of biasness by the scientist is phenomenal in the goal speculations. They don't fuse individual perspectives on the scientist in the result of the examination course. In the beginning of the exploration, the target hypotheses start with a thought of unsurprising results. These forecasts are the structure squares of the result in the goal hypothesis. They will in general quest for legitimization of the purposes behind the reactions that happen because of explicit sparks in nature, with the utilization of logical procedures of research that give quantitative examination of information got from down to earth study and diagnostic research. On the other hand, interpretative hypotheses base their contentions and comprehension on correspondence depicting that the truth is a mutual issue. The language of a network is depicted as the base of authenticity. Whenever sought after further, they tend to lay accentuation on composed language as the beginning stage for the real world. The interpretative hypotheses will in general have a particular point of view that they accept that is the most significant situation for advancing variables concerning reality. They will in general have a one-sided approach towards reality. Sincere belief of the scientist is welcome in the result of the discoveries. Each finding is clarified in its own condition. They likewise will in general advance accept that the aim of research is conscious of the overall circumstance, leaving scientists to consolidate their own belief systems in the exploration discoveries. A decent target hypothesis tries to deliver the last data from the information gained in the exploration just as clarifying the significance of all information showing up on the discoveries. It

Myths vs. Facts of Recovery From Nicotine Addiction

Myths vs. Facts of Recovery From Nicotine Addiction Addiction Nicotine Use How to Quit Smoking Print Myths vs. Facts of Recovery From Nicotine Addiction By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on January 21, 2020 Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD on January 21, 2020 JGI/Jamie Grill / Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use How to Quit Smoking After You Quit Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery If youre like many people, youve had cigarette quit attempts that you thought of as an event, a task that could be completed within a few weeks, or a month at most. Then, when the urge to smoke persisted beyond what you felt was reasonable, you despaired of ever feeling comfortable without cigarettes  and started smoking again. The fact is that quitting smoking is a process, not an event.  While the worst of nicotine withdrawal is over within a matter of weeks, release from the habitual/emotional side of smoking comes more slowly. Here are some common misconceptions about quitting tobacco that can hinder your chances for success. Myth: Its too Late to Quit; the Damage Is Done Fact: Its Never too Late to Quit Smoking Bluntly put, the only time its too late to quit smoking is when youre six feet under. When you stop  smoking, the benefits begin within 20 minutes of your last cigarette and continue to grow for years. The human body is incredibly resilient, and while not all smoking-related damage can be undone, much healing can and will occur. Psychologically, youll have a better outlook once youve healed from nicotine addiction. Most of us spend years tied to cigarettes. We desperately want to stop, but time goes by, making us feel weak, powerless, and beaten down. This causes a slow destruction of self-esteem, usually so gradual we dont realize whats happening. Its no wonder that so many long-term smokers suffer from anxiety and depression. Quitting tobacco will empower you much more than you can imagine. Once they grasp it, most people refuse to let go of the freedom that comes from taking back the control that addiction stole. Myth: You Can Smoke One Cigarette and Maintain Your Quit Program Fact: Theres No Such Thing as Just One For the vast majority of smokers, re-introducing nicotine after quitting leads back to full-time smoking. There is no such thing as just one cigarette for a nicotine addict. Smoking, even as little as a few puffs on a cigarette, is enough to awaken the beast within. And sadly, people who relapse often spend years trying to get a foothold with smoking cessation once again. The fact is that indulging in even just one cigarette can lead to a relapse. If you want to boot nicotine addiction out of your life for good, live the philosophy of NOPEâ€"Not One Puff Ever. How Long Can You Expect to Face Nicotine Cravings? Myth: Relapse Can Happen Without Warning Fact: Relapse Never Happens Without Warning The road to relapse always starts in our minds. Unhealthy thoughts of smoking are normal as we move through recovery from nicotine addiction, but left unchecked, they can spell trouble. It has been said that humans have upwards of 60,000 thoughts on a daily basis. Youd probably be surprised to know that much of what we tell ourselves is negative and self-defeating. Were often our own worst critics. Listen in on your thoughts  and correct those that are counterproductive immediately. Dont give them a chance to fester and gain momentum. It doesnt matter whether you believe the correctionâ€"your mind is taking note, and thats all that matters. Correcting faulty thinking will help to keep you in the drivers seat with your quit program. Myth: Youll Always Miss Smoking Fact: True Freedom Is a State of Mind We all have the ability to make changes in our thinking that will bring lasting release from nicotine addiction. People who miss smoking years later have not let go of the emotional associations they had with smoking and usually think of it in a fond, nostalgic, or romantic light. They might even tell themselves subconsciously (or consciously) that quitting was a sacrifice. They quit smoking because they had to, but they loved smoking. That kind of faulty thinking will keep the seeds of addiction alive, ready to take the root again when the opportunity presents itself. But make no mistake, it is your  thoughts that hold you prisoner, not cigarettes. Have you ever had a relationship go sour because of a change in attitude on your part? A shift occurs in your perception, and once your mind turns that corner, theres no going back. Its similar to the mental side of addiction. Once we get clear of the physical need for cigarettes, whats left is an emotional relationship with smoking, much of which is based on ritual. Changing those thoughts and habits can prevent relapse. The habit of smoking is powerful but reprogrammable. Add some education about nicotine addiction and support from people who are going through what you are to your quit program. It will make all the difference in helping you permanently free yourself from the desire to smoke. Keep yourself in the present moments of today, and be grateful for each and every smoke-free day you complete. Be patient with yourself and think of time as one of your quit buddies. The more of it you put between yourself and that last cigarette you smoked, the stronger youll become. 10 Ways to Overcome Cigarette Cravings in 5 Minutes

Myths vs. Facts of Recovery From Nicotine Addiction

Myths vs. Facts of Recovery From Nicotine Addiction Addiction Nicotine Use How to Quit Smoking Print Myths vs. Facts of Recovery From Nicotine Addiction By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on January 21, 2020 Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD on January 21, 2020 JGI/Jamie Grill / Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use How to Quit Smoking After You Quit Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery If youre like many people, youve had cigarette quit attempts that you thought of as an event, a task that could be completed within a few weeks, or a month at most. Then, when the urge to smoke persisted beyond what you felt was reasonable, you despaired of ever feeling comfortable without cigarettes  and started smoking again. The fact is that quitting smoking is a process, not an event.  While the worst of nicotine withdrawal is over within a matter of weeks, release from the habitual/emotional side of smoking comes more slowly. Here are some common misconceptions about quitting tobacco that can hinder your chances for success. Myth: Its too Late to Quit; the Damage Is Done Fact: Its Never too Late to Quit Smoking Bluntly put, the only time its too late to quit smoking is when youre six feet under. When you stop  smoking, the benefits begin within 20 minutes of your last cigarette and continue to grow for years. The human body is incredibly resilient, and while not all smoking-related damage can be undone, much healing can and will occur. Psychologically, youll have a better outlook once youve healed from nicotine addiction. Most of us spend years tied to cigarettes. We desperately want to stop, but time goes by, making us feel weak, powerless, and beaten down. This causes a slow destruction of self-esteem, usually so gradual we dont realize whats happening. Its no wonder that so many long-term smokers suffer from anxiety and depression. Quitting tobacco will empower you much more than you can imagine. Once they grasp it, most people refuse to let go of the freedom that comes from taking back the control that addiction stole. Myth: You Can Smoke One Cigarette and Maintain Your Quit Program Fact: Theres No Such Thing as Just One For the vast majority of smokers, re-introducing nicotine after quitting leads back to full-time smoking. There is no such thing as just one cigarette for a nicotine addict. Smoking, even as little as a few puffs on a cigarette, is enough to awaken the beast within. And sadly, people who relapse often spend years trying to get a foothold with smoking cessation once again. The fact is that indulging in even just one cigarette can lead to a relapse. If you want to boot nicotine addiction out of your life for good, live the philosophy of NOPEâ€"Not One Puff Ever. How Long Can You Expect to Face Nicotine Cravings? Myth: Relapse Can Happen Without Warning Fact: Relapse Never Happens Without Warning The road to relapse always starts in our minds. Unhealthy thoughts of smoking are normal as we move through recovery from nicotine addiction, but left unchecked, they can spell trouble. It has been said that humans have upwards of 60,000 thoughts on a daily basis. Youd probably be surprised to know that much of what we tell ourselves is negative and self-defeating. Were often our own worst critics. Listen in on your thoughts  and correct those that are counterproductive immediately. Dont give them a chance to fester and gain momentum. It doesnt matter whether you believe the correctionâ€"your mind is taking note, and thats all that matters. Correcting faulty thinking will help to keep you in the drivers seat with your quit program. Myth: Youll Always Miss Smoking Fact: True Freedom Is a State of Mind We all have the ability to make changes in our thinking that will bring lasting release from nicotine addiction. People who miss smoking years later have not let go of the emotional associations they had with smoking and usually think of it in a fond, nostalgic, or romantic light. They might even tell themselves subconsciously (or consciously) that quitting was a sacrifice. They quit smoking because they had to, but they loved smoking. That kind of faulty thinking will keep the seeds of addiction alive, ready to take the root again when the opportunity presents itself. But make no mistake, it is your  thoughts that hold you prisoner, not cigarettes. Have you ever had a relationship go sour because of a change in attitude on your part? A shift occurs in your perception, and once your mind turns that corner, theres no going back. Its similar to the mental side of addiction. Once we get clear of the physical need for cigarettes, whats left is an emotional relationship with smoking, much of which is based on ritual. Changing those thoughts and habits can prevent relapse. The habit of smoking is powerful but reprogrammable. Add some education about nicotine addiction and support from people who are going through what you are to your quit program. It will make all the difference in helping you permanently free yourself from the desire to smoke. Keep yourself in the present moments of today, and be grateful for each and every smoke-free day you complete. Be patient with yourself and think of time as one of your quit buddies. The more of it you put between yourself and that last cigarette you smoked, the stronger youll become. 10 Ways to Overcome Cigarette Cravings in 5 Minutes

Is Education The Key For Global Empowerment - 1049 Words

Is Education the Key for Global Empowerment? Unlike what is the case in the US, globally primary education is far from a guarantee. Every year millions of children are going uneducated, stripping the intellectual capacity of many impoverished nations. No segment of the global population does this more acutely effect than girls. Many societies feel a strong cultural push educate boys but the same pressures are often absent for girls. Insert link to article on Michelle Obama Why is this important? Increasing access to education not only increasing the intellectual ceiling of a region but it has the power in revolutionizing the lives of millions. Each additional year of schooling will increase future wages by 10-20% (Global Campaign for Education, 5). The benefits of female education far surpass that of men. A well-educated female is far less likely to have unwanted pregnancies, contract HIV, and contribute more of their wages to their families; up to 90% vs. a male’s 30-40% (GCE, 5). We are incredibly fortunate to be living in the United States. While the US is certainly not a perfect society; there exists an ability to â€Å"create our own destiny.† There is no explicit prohibition on a role any of the members of this class may wish to achieve. At the same time, it would be foolish to not acknowledge that while everyone may have a freedom of agency, structural issues do still exist. These exist primarily due to sticky implicit biases that all people have, normallyShow MoreRelatedIs Education The Key For Global Empowerment?1053 Words   |  5 PagesIs Education the Key to Global Empowerment? Unlike what is the case in the US, globally primary education is far from a guarantee. Every year, millions of children are going uneducated, stripping the intellectual capacity of many impoverished nations. No segment of the global population does this more acutely effect than girls. While many societies feel a strong cultural push educate boys, the same pressures are often absent when it comes to girls. Insert link to article on Michelle Obama Read More The Essence Of Empowerment Essay1498 Words   |  6 Pages The Essence of Empowerment nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Empowerment is certainly not a new idea within the business arena. In fact, its concept has been around since the 1960s when American car manufactures suddenly realized that they were losing their butts to the Japanese producers. An extensive and extremely well-funded investigation for answers to the recurrent question, how do I get more out of my employees while simultaneously lowering my costs, did produce some implementable and constructiveRead MoreThe Article Over Population Is Not The Problem `` New York Times892 Words   |  4 Pageswomen empowerment. Women’s empowerment has four proportions: having control over their own body, education, radical and monetary. 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So that we can’t neglect the importance of education in referenceRead MoreRole Of Women And Women s Empowerment1093 Words   |  5 Pages@IJRTER-2016, All Rights Reserved 177 Role of women empowerment in economic growth in India Dr. kirti shrivas (Asst. professor)Dept. of Commerce, govt. college abhanpur Abstract :Women’s empowerment defined as improving the ability of women to access the constituents of development in particular health, education, earning opportunities, rights and political participations. Women empowerment in India is dependent on many different variables like education status, social status, geographical status andRead MoreTb Essay1338 Words   |  6 PagesReducing Tuberculosis: A Global Public Health Concern Tuberculosis (TB) continue to be a major public health problem world wide (Là ¶nnroth, Migliori, Abubakar, D’Ambrosio, de Vries, Diel,†¦Raviglione, 2015). 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In recent years, political empowerment and health in women has dropped, decreasing the US’s Global Rank for Gender Equality from 17 to 23(World Economic Forum, Global Gender Gap Report 2013. ) If the US could push women’s health just a little bit more, encourage women to get into politics just a little bit more, then we could close a large partRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Well Rounded By Martha Nussbaum1211 Words   |  5 PagesNussbaum, author of Not for Profit, argues that the system of education in the United States and abroad is diminishing the country due to the lack of an overall curriculum and awareness of self. Countries are teaching specific skills that will benefit the economy, but it will hinder the citizen’s freedom of expression. Nussbaum addresses the need for arts and humanities, especially the process of critical thinking, in order to enhance global and democratic citizenship. Nussbaum introduces her arguments

Essay about International Trade - 9016 Words

Chapter 2 1ï ¼Å½Home has 1200 units of labor available. It can produce two goods, apples and bananas. The unit labor requirement in apple production is 3, while in banana production it is 2. aï ¼Å½Graph out the production possibilities frontier: bï ¼Å½What is the opportunity cost of apples in terms of bananas? [pic] cï ¼Å½In the absence of trade, what would the price of apples in terms of bananas be? In the absence of trade, since labor is the only factor of production and supply decisions are determined by the attempts of individuals to maximize their earnings in a competitive economy, only when [pic]will both goods be produced. So [pic] 2ï ¼Å½Home is as described in problem 1. There is now also another country, Foreign,†¦show more content†¦Actually, trade with a less productive, low wage country can raise the welfare and standard of living of countries with high productivity, such as United States. So this pauper labor argument is wrong. 7ï ¼Å½Japanese labor productivity is roughly the same as that of the United States in the manufacturing sector (higher in some industries, lower in others), while the United States, is still considerably more productive in the service sector. But most services are non-traded. Some analysts have argued that this poses a problem for the United States, because our comparative advantage lies in things we cannot sell on world markets. What is wrong with this argument? The competitive advantage of any industry depends on both the relative productivities of the industries and the relative wages across industries. So there are four aspects should be taken into account before we reach conclusion: both the industries and service sectors of Japan and U.S., not just the two service sectors. So this statement does not bade on the reasonable logic. 8ï ¼Å½Anyone who has visited Japan knows it is an incredibly expensive place; although Japanese workers earn about the same as their U.S. counterparts, the purchasing power of their incomes is about one-third less. Extend your discussing from question 7 to explain this observation. (Hint: Think about wages and the implied prices of non-trade goods.) TheShow MoreRelatedThe Trade Of International Trade1538 Words   |  7 PagesInternational trade is the exchange of capital, goods in general, and services across other countries or territory provided if the government impose free trade. (Grosse; Behrman, 1992) Free trade means that the government do not intervene on what its citizen can buy, produce or sell internationally. 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Trade finance is a topic contained the financial facilities industry. Manufactured goods is sold and distributed to overseas; therefore, it takes longer to get paid. Additional time and energy is required to make sure that buyers are trustworthy and creditworthy. Also, foreign buyers who are just like domestic buyers. TheyRead MoreInternational Trade And Trade Agreements Essay1396 Words   |  6 Pages Global business is defined as the buying and selling of goods and services by people from different countries (McWilliams Williams 2010). It also has to do with international trade and trade agreements. Corporations that own businesses in two or more countries are called multinational corporations (McWilliams Williams 2010). Most of these global businesses main headquarters are found in the United States or the United Kingdom. Expanding to a global market is quite a complex process and businessesRead MoreImpact Of Trade On The International Trade Market1489 Words   |  6 PagesThe international trade of goods across the world accounts for approximately 60% of the world Gross Domestic Product (The World Bank, 2014). A great proportion of goods transactions occur every second. The primary question is whether international trade benefits a country as an entirety, and, if so, why would a country implement protective trade policies to restrict particular exports? To address this quest ion, this essay aims to explore the impact of trade on various economic stakeholders, includingRead MoreWhat Is International Trade?1669 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is international Trade? International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories, which could involve the activities of the government and individual. In most countries, such trade represents a significant share of gross domestic product (GDP). This type of trade allows for a greater competition and more competitive pricing in the market. The competition results in more affordable products for the consumer. The exchange of goods also affectsRead MoreInternational Trade and Finance1501 Words   |  7 PagesLinda Luc Duong International Trade and Finance ECO/372 August 27, 2012 Matthew J. Angner International Trade and Finance When there is a surplus of imports brought into the United States it means that the price of the products will drop. Companies in the United States are competing with the Chinese made products will suffer from price drops on goods. Lower prices on goods will benefit consumers. Large screen Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and High Definition Television (HDTV) is a good exampleRead MoreImpact Of Trade Relations On International Trade1485 Words   |  6 Pagescountries are dependant on international trade and the government plays a big role in this through forming their trade policy (Miller, 2010). In the past smaller countries have relied on trading with bigger nations, but in the mid-1960’s a lot of countries looked to pursue independence in their foreign policy. Even though we live in this new technological and global age, forming trade relations is vital to our economy. Every country has different trade policies which determine how trade occurs between themselvesRead MoreThe I nternational Trade Concepts1357 Words   |  6 PagesThe International Trade Concepts The International Trade Concepts simulation helps one to learn the advantages and limitations of international trade. One can also take what is learned from the simulation and relate it to the U.S. economy and the effects international trade has on it. Learning about how fiscal and monetary policies affect the exchange rate is important as well. Not only can one apply what was learned in the simulation to the U.S. economy but they can also apply it to their workplace

Should Vaccines Be Required For Children - 1415 Words

Should Vaccines Be Required For Children? All living things on this earth are subject to attack from a disease-causing agent. Therefore, multicellular animals have dedicated cells and tissues that fight off infectious microbes in order to build immunity. A multitude of specialized cells carries out much of the immune system’s work. Each of these cells is intended to fight off diseases in a particular way. Vaccination, which is one of the methods that is used to prevent germs from proliferating, is subject of many discussions. While opponents believe that most of the diseases such as diphtheria and varicella are not necessarily harmful, and that injecting questionable vaccine ingredient into a child may cause side effects, such as seizures, paralysis, proponents believe that vaccination has been one of the greatest developments of the 20th century. It has served as a protection for the community, and has saved children and parent’s time money. The idea of increasing t he rate of vaccinating children at an early age during the twentieth century is what makes it unquestionable. A lot of diseases such as poliomyelitis, hepatitis A, and hepatitis B have been killing infants and causing a rising percentage in the infantile mortality. Some of the diseases such as polio, and diphtheria have been discarded completely while other diseases have not. However, vaccination has helped due to the fact that it has been contributing to decreasing the effect of the disease. For instance,Show MoreRelatedShould Vaccines Be Required For Children?997 Words   |  4 PagesShould Any Vaccines Be Required For Children? Although vaccines have been proven to be an essential way of preventing serious effects, including casualties from childhood illnesses, controversy still exists over whether the risk of side effects from the vaccinations overrides the risk of diminishing the diseases. Over these past couple of years, as the episode of many diseases has fallen dramatically as the results of vaccination programs, most parents do not want their child to receive vaccinationsRead MoreWhy Vaccines Should Be Required For School Children. The1310 Words   |  6 PagesWhy vaccines should be required for school children The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommends receiving 29 doses of vaccines as well as a yearly flu shot. But as more and more kids are getting vaccinated a number of parents start to wonder if they should be injecting their healthy kid with such substances. Vaccination is not mandatory by any U.S. federal law, but all 50 states have some kind of vaccination requirement before children enter public schools. Many that promote vaccines pointRead MoreThe Controversy Of Childhood Vaccination1173 Words   |  5 Pagesprocess to protect their children in any way they can. Although, many parents do not see it that way. The controversy of childhood vaccination spans back more than just a few years it goes back as far as the 18th century (Nelson) but the fact of the matter is childhood vaccinations have very few side effects, there have been very few lines between autism and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) (â€Å"Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and Vaccines†; Shea, Diekem a), and when children come in to contact withRead MoreEssay Childhood Vaccinations: A Game of Russian Roulette?1551 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Parents make sure their children get a proper diet, wear their bicycle helmet, and get enough sleep. Every parent wants to do what is best for their children and protect them from harm. No parent would allow their child to play with a loaded weapon, even with the safety on, and expect the best outcome. It would never happen. But it does. With every vaccine that is given, we are playing Russian roulette with our children’s lives. Childhood vaccinations have replaced common childhoodRead MorePersuasive Essay On Vaccines976 Words   |  4 Pages (not finished, please check the three page assignment part thank you) Vaccines are the treatment that helps the human body produce an immunity against certain diseases. Most people in the US have gotten some kind of vaccination in their life and routinely get check ups. But some people in the US have not gotten vaccines at all because of their parents not getting vaccines for them or because they don’t believe that vaccines actually work. Parents and adults also think that the ingredients mightRead MoreWhy Parents Should Not Parents1103 Words   |  5 PagesWhether or not parents should vaccinate their children has been something many parents have had to contemplate since the creation of the first vaccine in 1796. There is the constant battle of whether they should protect their kids against diseases or refrain from pricking them with a multitude of vaccines that could contain ingredients that go against their beliefs. Some vaccines contain ingredients such as aborted fetal tissue or animal residue which many parents think is unethical to inje ct intoRead MoreVaccinations: Vaccine and Vaccines Health Center1291 Words   |  6 PagesShould Parents have the right to not vaccinate their children? | GE217 | Ashley Starrett | Should parents have to right to say whether their child should be vaccinated or should it be automatically required? Many parents do vaccinate their children; however there are some that are against putting foreign substances in their child’s body. If parents choose not the have their child vaccinated then how do they go about getting them into school because most schools require students to have aRead MoreVaccines : The Causative Agent Of A Disease Essay1378 Words   |  6 PagesA Vaccine is defined as, â€Å"A substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases, prepared from the causative agent of a disease. Its products treated to act as an antigen without inducing the disease.† Vaccines have been around for hundreds of years. It is believed that the first unofficial vaccine was created in 1661 by a Chinese Emperor. Throughout the years, vaccines have become more advanced. For example, in 1955, public vacci nation forRead MorePrevention And Prevention Of Vaccination1405 Words   |  6 Pagesbelieving that their children were at risk of neurological damage that had no scientific data behind it because it seemed scary. Parents stopped having their children receive vaccines, making them susceptible to the disease and its wrath. This an extreme example of a potentially real scenario, but luckily there is a way to prevent something like this from becoming reality: vaccination. According to the United States of America Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the CDC, a vaccine is inputtingRead MorePrevention And Prevention Of Vaccination1417 Words   |  6 Pagesbelieving that their children were at risk for neurological damage that had no scientific data behind it because it seemed scary. Parents stopped having their children receive vaccines making them susceptible to the disease and its wrath. This an extreme example of a potentially real scenario, but luckily there is a way to prevent something like this from becoming reality: vaccination. According to the United States of America Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the CDC, a vaccine is inputting

Annotated Bibliography Cost-Effectiveness of Follow-Up Strategies

Question: Discuss about theAnnotated Bibliography for Cost-Effectiveness of Follow-Up Strategies. Answer: Introduction Mail surveys is a method of information gathering by dispersing widely samples of the survey, that in comparison to other methods is relatively cheaper and is preferred to other methods of survey as (Fox Boardley, 1998) (i) there is elimination of bias from the interviewer, (ii) it allows checking of records by the respondents and (iii) the respondent has the flexibility of completing the survey on his own. It is for all types of the survey that mail surveys can be appropriate for, however, this is true for any kind of methods of survey. However, some commentators despite the advantages of a mail survey have dismissed mail survey out of hand, according to them there is a very low rate of response that is produced by this method. This statement, unfortunately, is widely accepted as a fact that mail surveys are unable to produce response rates that are respectable (Heerwegh Loosveldt, 2007). There are two unwanted consequences that have been caused due to the reluctance of some resea rchers in employing this method of survey due to this "restriction"; the others who use this method of survey on achieving 30% - 40% rate of response get delighted regarding the same mistaking this percentage to be a result which is excellent given the "restriction" that is there of this method (Kallis Giglierano, 1992). It is a myth the opinion that the mail surveys draw out per se a response rate that is low. There have been various studies that have been published which give evidence refuting the belief and in which methods have been described for achieving a rates routinely in mail survey response that vary between 60%-80% (see (MAYNARD, 1996), (Larson Chow, 2003), (Nass McIntire, 1969) and (Peterson, 1975) for reviews). These, however, are studies which have been published mostly in Britain and America and there might be chances that applicability of some of the methods is not possible in this country. This paper is based on the opinion of three article as follows: The first article by John J. Watson, Improving the Response Rate in Mail Research is based on "Business Week's Magazine's survey method and its preference for mail survey methods due it being cheaper and also there being an elimination of bias by the interviewer. There is the removal of geographical limitations as well as compared to when the survey has to be made in person. The article also describes in detail the method that had been used for conducting the research in which a selection of variables was given, and the best performing variable combination was used. The result described in this article due to the use of such method that the response rate was about 81%; The second article, Improving Response Rates in Disk-by-Mail Surveys, is with respect to the replacement of the traditional method of using pencil and paper mail surveys with a disk by mail questionnaire which is a more viable alternative. A respondent decision tree is presented by the author in which the survey process is identified from the perspective of the respondent, and a review is made of decisions effect which is made at various stages during the response rate process. There is also an insight in the article on the sources that have been published on the paper and pencil conventional survey, disk by disk mail survey case studies and experiments that are controlled, with techniques have been used in this article. The third article, A Response Rate Experiment Using Mail Questionnaires, is regarding the fact that despite there being various disadvantages that are there with respect to the mail survey response it is still an extremely valuable, due to mainly being able to collect information in large amounts for respondents that are dispersed at a cost that is relatively low. This article deals largely with the problems that are phased in the interview phase that is the second phase of the research after the questionnaire has been received by the respondent. Annotated Bibliography Watson, J. J.; (nd.) Improving the Response Rate on Mail Research, Journal of Advertising Research, pg. 48-50 This article describes the issue that is there when the response rate of a survey is low due to which it leads to lowering of confidence in the finding of the research or follow-up of studies are conducted which can be both times-consuming as well as costly for the bolstering of the research which was done originally. The article analyzes the issues that were faced by Business Weekly and its preference towards mail surveys. It also describes the method that Business Weekly used to ensure that a high response rate was achieved by it in the mail surveys. This article demonstrates the possibility of being able to increase with respect to mail surveys the rate of response without any time consuming or expensive follow-ups. Saltzman A.; (1993), Improving Response Rates in Disk-by-Mail Surveys, Marketing Research, Volume V, Issue 3, pg.-32-39 The ability of collecting data as compared to the traditional method has improved due to the development that has been there in the field of technology. There are various methods of information collection and the Disk by Mail surveys is one of them. The method of this technique is beginning with a questionnaire which using various software programs that are available in the market has been programmed into the disk. These are duplicated and sent to various respondents who will then sync these disks into their computers and respond the questions of the survey. This questionnaire which is completed is then returned vide mail to the researchers. The response that was received from this survey was more consistent then that received from the traditional methods. There are methods which the article describes which result in the response rate to become higher as well. Labrecque; P. David; (1978), "A Response Rate Experiment Using Mail Questionnaires", Journal of Marketing, pg. 82-83 This article indicates a study in which results indicate advantage that letters have with the signature of the owner as compared to the letters with the service providers' signature. This was done as research for improving the one of the three phases of the process of the survey by mail questionnaire which is when the questionnaire is actually received by the respondent being the second process. The article describes the method which is used in conducting a market survey in medium sized marina in New-England and the three methods used for mailing of the questionnaire were (a) personalization; (b) using stamps that are commemorative and (c) cover letter signatory. The article further goes on to enumerate the findings, Main effects and interaction and finally concluded with a discussion with respect of the advantage that each method had on the response rate of the survey. Reference List Fox, C. Boardley, K. (1998). Cost-Effectiveness of Follow-Up Strategies in Improving the Response Rate of Mail Surveys. Industrial Marketing Management, 27(2), 127-133. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0019-8501(97)00043-6 Heerwegh, D. Loosveldt, G. (2007). Personalizing E-mail Contacts: Its Influence on Web Survey Response Rate and Social Desirability Response Bias. International Journal Of Public Opinion Research, 19(2), 258-268. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edl028 Kallis, M. Giglierano, J. (1992). Improving mail response rates with express mail. Industrial Marketing Management, 21(1), 1-4. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0019-8501(92)90027-q Labrecque; P. David; (1978), "A Response Rate Experiment Using Mail Questionnaires", Journal of Marketing, pg. 82-83 Larson, P. Chow, G. (2003). Total cost/response rate trade-offs in mail survey research: impact of follow-up mailings and monetary incentives. Industrial Marketing Management, 32(7), 533-537. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0019-8501(02)00277-8 MAYNARD, M. (1996). EFFECTIVENESS OF 'BEGGING' AS A PERSUASIVE TACTIC FOR IMPROVING RESPONSE RATE ON A CLIENT/AGENCY MAIL SURVEY. Psychological Reports, 78(1), 204-206. https://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1996.78.1.204 Nass, G. McIntire, W. (1969). Improving Response Rates to Mail Questionnaires in Family Life Research. The Family Coordinator, 18(3), 240. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/581985 Peterson, R. (1975). An experimental investigation of mail-survey responses. Journal Of Business Research, 3(3), 199-210. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(75)90022-3 Saltzman A.; (1993), Improving Response Rates in Disk-by-Mail Surveys, Marketing Research, Volume V, Issue 3, pg.-32-39 Watson, J. J.; (nd.) Improving the Response Rate on Mail Research, Journal of Advertising Research, pg. 48-50

Slaves And Indentured Servants free essay sample

The lives of African slaves and the lives of European indentured servants were very different. African slaves were African and the Europeans treated them like animals. Although the European indentured servants were also treated badly, they were fellow Europeans and werent treated as bad. Indentured servants were freed after their period of duty and were paid to do their work. They werent captured to be indentured servants they were often lured. Slaves were taken by force and slavery went on indefinitely.One reason why the African slaves were different from the European indentured servants is obvious because the Africans were African and the Europeans were Europeans. Therefore, that changed many things since they were different races. Since Africans werent counted as people they didnt have any rights at all and they were owned by their master. They didnt have any living space so about ten slaves would stay in one room with absolutely no furniture. We will write a custom essay sample on Slaves And Indentured Servants or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Our beds were collections of straw and old rags, thrown down in corners and boxed in with boards, a single blanket the only covering, O says an African slave.When it was time for the slaves to be sold their buyers would put them on a block and say how healthy they were and examine their teeth as if they were animals to explain how much work they could do. However, the indentured servants were treated a bit differently because they were fellow Europeans. They had rights, a few, but some. They even could vote if their masters permitted them to do so. After their period of duty they were able to do everything that their masters could do.Indentured servants were bought and sold but they werent examined like they were animals as the slaves were. African slaves and indentured servants were also different because indentured servants were freed after their period of duty. After they worked from four to seven years they were freed and given land, clothing, corn, and hoes. They couldnt be held more than seven years. Even though their masters tried to keep them for a longer time by convicting them of impregnating a female servant, they eventually had to let them go African slaves were never freed.At times their masters would free them but most likely they were never freed, they had to do dull and repetitive work all their lives until they died of old age or were killed by their masters. And if they were freed they werent given anything, no land, no clothing, to start their new lives. Finally, indentured servants were not taken by force to get on the ship they were often lured. The spirits+ (people who recruited indentured servants) found the servants easily.They would bring the servants to dinner and give them lots of wine to get them drunk and when they were drunk the would have them to sign the papers. Also children would be lured on the ships by candy. When they got on the ships they got allowances of bread with little living space. On the other hand, African American slaves were seized by force and no papers were signed. We were alarmed one morning, just at the break of day, by the horrible uproar caused by the mingled shouts of men The village was surrounded by enemies, who attacked us with clubs, Eng wooden spears and bow and arrows. + says an African slave. Also when the Africans got on the ship they had a tiny bit of living space and were chained to the ships from their hands and feet. In conclusion the African slaves lives were different from the Indentured servants lives. The African slaves lives were a bit harsher, rougher, inhumane and that treatment went on longer. The indentured servants lives were a bit easier than the African slaves lives and ended within a certain period of time.

Cheat on Homework - What Are the Benefits of Cheating

Cheat on Homework - What Are the Benefits of Cheating Many people think cheating at school is a serious problem and only underachieving students resort to it. Those who do homework cheats are believed to have no future prospects since they acquire hardly any education because of such an approach. It is far from being true. In this post, we will talk about top 5 misconceptions about those who know how to cheat on homework. Read to know more about the questions that bother you. Why Do Students Cheat? If you are wondering why many people resort to cheating on homework, remember one of the reasons is their overloading with a large number of home assignments. Modern school children suffer from a huge load at school. Many pupils/students get tired; they can hardly do their home assignments. In some cases, this leads to the fact children ignore the tasks of the teacher or perform them partially. Person obtains low grades, starts to lag behind the program, and pays no mind on these assignments anymore. This is where cheating homework comes from. The tendency explains why many students learn how to cheat on homework. Common Beliefs on How to Cheat on Homework School children do not have a clear idea of what or how they study; they move away from the learning process and focus on getting a high grade. In order to keep the material in memory exactly before the test, students are preparing to the control and soon forget most of the learned. This negates the main task and importance of the control works. If you think cheating makes the situation worse, you are mistaken. When preparing homework cheats, a person exercises his creative skills and works with the material. This greatly contributes to the learning process. The main arguments against cheating at school are that it is unethical, cultivates bad habits, and improperly forms self-esteem through undeserved rewards. Such statements are far from the truth because all of them are out of context. ORDER PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE It is not only a trick to which people resort; this is something students should do. By cheating homework, students learn how to behave in the unexpected situations, under conditions of stress and frustration. They will need this skill in the future adult life. School repression against this approach is a fundamentally wrong way. It should be recognized as necessary and quite logical behavior in an organization where the rights are infringed. Penalties are one of the variations of the authoritarian regime. In a healthy society, people shame and ridicule those who force children to adapt to the environment where they are forced to find such tricks. Benefits of Cheating at School Cheating homework is one of the important skills that a pupil develops in an elementary school. It's easy for an adult, but very difficult for a child. Pupils should focus on writing letters, but at the same time, they should remember the whole word. In order to write down the text without errors, you need to be very attentive; be able not to be distracted; be focused on what you are doing; don’t rush, read, and memorize every word by letter; have a good enough memory, because the word must be remembered visually or by ear. It contributes to the development of the above skills. On the top of that, a pupil learns to differentiate and remember the most important information in a classroom. Such an approach develops good memory in a child and makes him search alternative ways of learning. Why Can Homework be considered Useless Harmful? Teachers strongly believe home assignments help students learn material and should be performed every day, without any neglects. Insight not always works. Home assignments have proven to be useless and even harmless in some cases. The American teacher Brandy Young decided to cancel home tasks for her class. This approach has been effective and comes up to expectations. But let’s discuss why homework can be harmful. Point #1 - Possible Damage to Health Many parents would agree with the statement since the constantly growing academic burden and stress are hitting children's health. Due to the high load, children sleep less. They sit up over the math textbooks late and worry about the grades; eventually, they have problems with the sleep. Myopia, gastritis, chronic fatigue, and posture disorders – it is not the full list of health problems modern students suffer from due to the overload at school. So, it is better to refuse from  home assignments and do something more useful, right? Affirmative answer will be a good solution. Point #2 - Time Consuming â€Å"Children are today busier than ever,† says Peter Gray, a professor at the Boston College. They spend excessive amount of time at school; they run to the tutors. On the way back, they attend another extra class/ classes; the schedule is tightly regulated; every hour is taken into account. Psychologist Harris Cooper conducted research that proved that tasks at home were not very effective. The student doesn’t have the required capacity to remember the information from all articles because he has already spent his intellectual/ physical resources on other activities. So what’s the sense of homework? Point #3 -   Does Not Affect Academic Performance Alfie Cohn, one of the main critics of modern education, wrote the book Myths about home assignments, where he said there is no connection between the number of home tasks and the achievements in studies. In high school, the relation between the two is weak. It almost disappears if more accurate measurement methods are used in the study; what’s the sense to require it? Point #4  - Can Spoil Relationships with Parents Many parents help their children to do home assignments. Although it sounds to be an effective practice that bonds family, it isn’t so. The school program has changed; the knowledge of parents has become obsolete. They cannot share it. Many parents themselves are not aware of simple examples from the school curriculum and try to carry out an academic assignment from the point of view of an adult. Children do not know how to handle it. Parents are not teachers. They do not know how to explain the material, to serve it correctly, and to check it. Working home assignments is a constant conflict. Children do not want to do it; parents do not know how to motivate, joint activities, and lead to a dead end. It results in quarrels. Cheating as a Solution Of course, it is hard to treat cheating a smart solution in the cases; there should be a balance. No correct answers can be here. It is sometimes true that a student simply has no time and strength to accomplish the home assignments assigned to him. This is where notes can solve the problem. Apart from saving precious time, it develops creative thinking, memory, and the ability to work/ think/ analyze under conditions of stress. What is more, cheating doesn’t mean that a student acquires no knowledge. This trick itself involves a close work with the studied material. Approach helps to find a balance between studying, having fun, and developing necessary skills. Searching a way to obtain professional assistance with home assignments, you can place an order on our website and receive plagiarism-free help via email.

Managing projects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Managing projects - Essay Example 1). It involves how to be able to successfully carry out a task up to the end of its schedule set up by the project manager or client. It is managing an activity which can be about a project at work, school or home. Managing projects can be a deciding factor in the success of an organisation. In a manufacturing plant, production of goods cannot be successfully carried out without project management. Operations management deals with decision-making related to productive processes to ensure that the resulting products are produced according to specifications. In the field of education, project management is designing learning experiences that link practice and theory (Miller, 1991, cited in Falkenberg et al., 2000, p. 745). This essay deals with situations and guidelines for the success of a project by the project manager and his team. All projects involve a manager and a team who must work hand in hand up to its success. Managing projects is one of the most challenging tasks in organisations today. Since earlier times, people undertook projects as organised human activity. Early humans in primitive days conducted hunting activity as a means of searching and providing food for the community. This activity was conducted with a plan and a process. As civilizations began and progressed, projects became wider and complicated in scope; they involved more sophisticated machinery and complicated processes. Some of the big projects that we can recall are the Great Wall of China, the Great Canals, Suez and Panama, and other big projects involving buildings, structures, and bridges in the different parts of the world. (Frame, 2003, p. 1) In the 1900s, rapid industrialisation and demands of munitions production in World War I saw the emergence of management scientists and industrial engineers such as Elton Mayo and Frederick Winslow Taylor who studied people and productivity in factories. Henry Ford made production-line manufacture famous with his Model T

Critically discuss the challenges in balancing security and freedom in Essay

Critically discuss the challenges in balancing security and freedom in delivering an effective counter terrorism strategy in operational practice - Essay Example e against another person or another persons’ property; the violence (and threat thereof) employed therein is aimed partly at destabilizing (or maintaining) an existing political or social order, but mainly at publicizing the goals or causes espoused by the agents or by those whose behalf the agents acts; often, though not always, terrorism is aimed at provoking extreme counter- measures which will win public support for the terrorists and their goals†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The radicals associated to terrorism are not confined to any particular region or race; rather it entails an extensive influence of drastic nature globally. Due to this very severity, terrorism has caught attention of various bodies globally which aim to reduce this nuisance through counter-terrorism strategies. These strategies can be dully defined as, â€Å"Activities which are intended to prevent terrorists acts or to eradicate terrorists groups† (thefreedictionary.com, 2014). Another definition for such me thods is as follow; â€Å"Operations that include the offensive measures taken to prevent, deter, pre-empt and respond to terrorism. Also called CT† (US Department of Defense, 2005). Such strategies can be designed and implemented at regional, national and at inter-national levels (UNODC, 2009). Although, these instruments are aimed at enhancing the efforts to exterminate violence but more than often these strategies are often coupled with certain downsides or limitations, particularly the delivery and implementation of such counter terrorism activities in operational practice pose a variety of challenges in balancing security and freedom. A counter terrorism strategy is often designed in collaboration with certain other states or non-state actors, particularly if it is of inter-national level. One of the challenges which arise in such counter terrorism strategies is the conflict of interest. Globalization has increased the likelihood of conflict, involving failed-state and non state actors (The Strategic

Project procurement and risk management

Project procurement and risk management PROJECT PROCUREMENT AND RÄ °SK INTRODUCTION The management of the processes of purchasing or acquiring the services ,products or results needed from outside the project team to perform the work is defined as project procurement management or the processes to purchase/acquire products, services and results from outside the project. The main actors are†The Buyer† and the†The Seller† and central is the contractual obligations and regulations.Central is also how the purchasing process within the project is structured, with formal approvals and routines[16].In procurement process we have to consider the Business aspect,financial aspect,routines,instructions,investment aspect,subcontracting and every step in procurement will need its own tools Risk analysis,Investment calculus,vendor evaluation,quality assurance,specification determination,contract forms. 1. SPECIFICATION OF PLACE AND SIZE OF THE PROJECT. 1.1 NEW PROJECT OF GW For the first and second assignment, our company hasnt had any specific project. We only made the scope analysis, management plan, policy, stakeholder analysis, organizational chart within the subjects of Project Management, Quality, Human Resources, and Communication Management.(1,2) For the third assignment, The Company GW has a current project, which is now on going. We have been ordered to make a solar thermal power plant to the area of desert of Arizona, United States. The ordered is made by the United State Government. There should be installed a solar thermal power plant to be built in 5 years. The target of this plant is to generate 275MW energy per year. The energy gained from the solar power, will be used in order to meet the electricity need of the towns that are the closest ones to the solar power. According to the assumption, if 1 average roof is capable to be built 20 solar panels on it, it is expected that this amount of solar energy will meet the electricity needs of approximately 40000 building such as home, school, businesses, and public buildings. The usage of renewable energy will definitely provide the United State Government to make a reasonable profit. Since it doesnt cause any pollution, there will be generated a new perspective for environ mental aspects, and it will repay its installation cost in a short period of time. 2. MAKE A STAKEHOLDER ANALYSÄ °S FOR YOUR PROJECT 2.1 STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS When we were making the scope analysis of GW, in Assignment I, we already mentioned that, stakeholders are any group, party, organization or people, that somehow plays a role within the whole project. They affect or are affected by the actions that the organization performs. Stakeholder analysis identifies the stakeholders and their interests, defines their roles and related responsibilities and specifies whether, and to what extent, their expectations are treated as requirement in the project [3,4,5]. 3. AN INVESTIGATION OF THE AREA OF DESERT OF ARIZONA IN MIND DUE TO RESOURCES (MAPS AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION) As we have discussed in our scope analysis, as The Company of GW, our main objective is to set up high quality and efficient solar power plants with a reasonable cost. Since we are also aware of keeping the harmonious balance of energy, one of our aims is also to compensate the energy need by providing the environmental protection to keep the earth green. In order to have a high efficient plant with a high quality, it is quite crucial to pay attention at which the installation will be done. Because the available resources play the most important role, after setting up a plant, in terms of efficiency. Efficiency for a plant can be found by the formula; desired output / required input. This formula can also be explained verbally; the highest efficiency we can get from a plan is 100% that is equal to 1 for this formula, which is impossible to obtain for the real life since we cannot have the ideal conditions. But in order to increase the efficiency to approach to zero, by a simple mathematics, we can say that, we need to keep the output higher as much as we can, while decreasing the input value. How we can decrease the required input value to nearly zero is by utilizing the natural resources as well as we can, which is the solar energy for our case. Therefore, it is very important to build up new plants to the regions, where there can be found high temperature and more sunny days available. Therefore, deserts take the first place in the ranking, when it needs to make a prioritizing. There is also one advantage that deserts can be used as a land for solar power systems, because there is no need any environmental impact such as lake (as it is needed for hydroelectric dams), or coal plants. There are also many advantages to install the plants in the United States as the land; * United States is the leader for the power research and development. * It is one of only two countries in the world that has the largest scale of solar power. * Since Arizona is located in the southwest of US, the feature of warm and sunny climate makes the desert of Arizona more favorable location for solar power. * This solar power plant not only reserved by the people live around it, but also affects some other people by rebates and tax credits. As it is also explained in the website of Department of Energy of United States ; â€Å"Specific federal and state tax laws permit private companies and homeowners to credit the purchase price of their solar power systems against their annual income tax payment.†[6,7] 4. LIST OF ITEMS NEEDED GW needs to identify the needed goods and services. This should be identified according to GWs organization chart and procurement plan. After identifying the needed goods and services, the suppliers which will successfully fulfill the contracts and supply good and services, should be found. The suppliers should be chosen according to their technical capability, experience and human resource capability. Here is a list of needed items and services for GW: Materials Services  § Office Equipment  § Rental Cars  § Meeting Rooms  § Restaurant/Cafeteria  § Security Stuff  § Computer Services  § Cleaning Supplies  § Tax Services  § Insurance Services  § Electric Services  § Heating Services  § Air Condition Services  § Building Repair Services  § Telecommunication Services  § Transport Services  § Treatment of Office Materials Service  § Education Services (for personnel trainings)  § Scientific and Technological Services (for industrial analysis, researches)  § Food and Drink Provider Service  § Security Service Table 2: List of item needed As we see in the table, most of the services and materials are the basic needs of company. These are not changeable according to the projects. According to the project, the use of these items may change. Also the needed items list has to be renewable all the time. The departments may need new items during the projects. Then these items should be added to the list. It means that this list can change in every phase of the project but as it is mentioned before, most of these items will be kept as basic needs. If new items would be identified in later phases of projects, the list can be detailed.[8,9] 5. MAKE OR BUY DECISION The act of making choice between producing an item (in -house ) Internallay or buying it from external source (Supplier) is make-or-buy decision. Make-or-buy decisions arises usually when a company has developed a product or modified a product or having trouble with current supplier or changing demand of the product. Make-or-buy decisions also occur at the operational level. Analysis suggest the following considerations that are in favor of making a part in-house (1) * The considerations of cost * To integrate the plant operations * The Productive utalisation of excess the plant capacity * The Need of direct control over production and/or quality * The Better quality control system * To protect Proprietary technology design. * Unreliable suppliers,No competent suppliers * Desire to maintain a stable workforce (in periods of declining sales) * The too small Quality to interest a supplier * lead time Controle , warehousing and transportation, costs * Greater assurance of continious supply. * Provision of a secondary source * The Political, environmental or social reasons. Some of the factors which influence may be on the firms to buy a part externally include: * Lacklessness of expertise,Suppliers research and specialized know-how exceeds that of the buyer * Consideration of cost. * Low-volume requirements. * Facilities of limited production or insufficient capacity * Strong desire of maintaining a multiple-source policy * The Indirect managerial control considerations. * Considerations of Procurement and inventory. * Preference Brand * Those Item which are not essential to the firms strategy There are two most important points to consider in a make-or-buy decision are and the availability of production capacity the cost . Obviously, the firm who buy will compare production and purchase costs.It provide the major elements included in this comparison. Elements of the â€Å"make† analysis include: * Carrying costs. * The direct labor costs. * Factory overhead costs * Purchased material costs which is delivered * Managerial costs. * Any other costs stemming from the quality and related problems. * Increasing purchasing costs, Increasing capital costs. Cost considerations for the â€Å"buy† analysis include: * Purchasing price,and transportation costs of the items. * Ä °nspection and reception costs. * The Incremental purchasing costs. * Any of the costs which is related to quality or service. 6. RISK ANALYSÄ °S (RA) FOR SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANT TO THE AREA OF DESERT OF ARIZONA 6.1 SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC RISK OF SOLAR THERMAL The Desert of Arizona solar boom will impact social and economic dimensions of the region. Nearby residents and visitors will face the burden of increased traffic, pollution, noise, and infrastructure that will diminish the aesthetic qualities of the desert. A fringe impact of solar parks is increased land prices caused by growing demand from private industry. Economically, solar thermal parks will produce manufacturing and construction jobs. These jobs could provide more revenue for the surrounding community, increased investment in the local economy, and a larger tax base.[11,12] 6.2 RISK OF SOLAR THERMAL ON VEGETATION, WILDLIFE, AND WATER The Desert of Arizona is home diverse species and ecosystems, and large solar parks could be physical stressors on these desert systems. Considering the fragility, diversity, and complexity of the Desert of Arizona, large solar thermal parks could disrupt healthy ecosystems and augment pressures on already stressed species .Limited water supplies also complicate the benefits of solar thermal. 6.3 RISK OF SOLAR THERMAL ON DESERT SOIL ECOSYSTEMS: ASSESSMENT ENDPOINT The Desert of Arizona has recently caught the attention of scientists because of its ancient origins and carbon sequestration capabilities. Made up of sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks. The recent scientific literature regarding carbon sequestration in deserts is both new and solar power is perceived as a ‘clean energy source, reducing carbon production while providing much-needed energy. The production capabilities in Desert of Arizona could supply with most of its energy needs. Therefore, the goal of this project is to determine whether the installation and operation of solar thermal plants will impact carbon sequestration capabilities of the Desert of Arizona ecosystem and ecosystem services to the extent that more carbon is released or inhibited from being stored than saved while utilizing solar technology.[13] 6.4 QUALITATIVE RISK ANALYSIS: POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF SOLAR THERMAL PLANTS ON THE DESERT OF ARIZONA It is clear that the desert ecosystem will be disturbed and destroyed during the installation of the Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plants in the Desert of Arizona. However, it is unclear, and therefore our primary question for this analysis, whether the sum gain of carbon saved by building and operating new solar thermal plants rather than operating fossil fuel power plants is greater than the sum loss of carbon that occurs when the desert habitat is disturbed and destroyed, thus altering the carbon sequestration abilities of the ecosystem. We approached this analysis in both a qualitative and quantitative manner. We will first describe the descriptive analysis of the risks associated with installation and operation of the CSP plants, followed by the quantitative approach of applying a cost-benefit analysis to compare net carbon gains by using CSP plants rather than an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (ICGG) plant, which uses â€Å"clean coal† technology.[14] 7. RA WHAT TO DO IF THE RISK OCCURS ? 7.1 CARBON LOSS DUE TO INSTALLATÄ °ON OF SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS Carbon sequestration is thought to occur on a variety of levels within desert and semi-arid ecosystems. The primary stressor in this analysis is the physical destruction of the habitat that will occur with the installation of the solar collecting facilities, roads, and transmission lines or towers. While CSP plants are large, some estimate they use less land area than hydroelectric dams or coal plants. Nonetheless, existing vegetation, including the aboveground biomass and belowground plant tissue and roots will be cleared prior to installation of CSP plants. Additionally, it is assumed that biological soil crusts will be destroyed and alkaline soils will be removed during the CSP installation process, especially if land leveling, contouring, and construction of stabilizing features for high desert winds are needed. While the soil may only be displaced and later deposited in other desert areas, we assumed the stored carbon was released into the atmosphere. This may be an overstatemen t of the potential effect; however, we decided to assume the scenario causing the greatest impact given the limited available information. 7.2 LOSS OF FUTURE CARBON SEQUESTRATION WITH THE OPERATION OF SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS In addition to the loss of stored carbon, the CSP facility and supporting infrastructure will likely inhibit the future sequestration of carbon across the inhabited area. Some researchers such as Schlesinger are skeptical of the high flux rates especially given the lack of information to support where the carbon is stored and whether carbon sequestration within desert biomes has increased since the Industrial Revolution. However, if these desert ecosystems do sequester large carbon pools, then large alterations of the ecosystem will likely result in the loss of future sequestration capabilities for the global carbon budget. 7.3 OTHER POTENTIAL IMPACTS AS A RESULT OF INSTALLATÄ °ON AND OPERATÄ °ON OF SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS Although the majority of this analysis has characterized solar thermal as a physical stressor, CSP plants also pose chemical risks. CSP plants may use molten salts to store the thermal energy and these oxidizing salts may pose both health and ecological risks. Furthermore, impacts will occur on water supplies and resources, as water is piped from limited aquatic systems; Desert of Arizona, some of which may have declining populations; and nearby human communities. These impacts were not evaluated in this risk analysis but should be considered in a more comprehensive evaluation. 7.4 QUANTITATIVE RA/ COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS The objective of this cost benefit analysis is to weigh the possible costs of building a solar thermal plant in the Desert of Arizona. The scope of this cost benefit analysis will be limited to solar thermal plants located in Desert of Arizona, and the currency used will be carbon. It is important to note that these values are estimates and the quantitative analysis is limited to carbon. In a comprehensive risk assessment, a full ecological cost benefit analysis would be conducted in order to measure the true costs of a solar thermal plant. Other parameters that would be considered include impacts on the Desert of Arizona of the region, water resources, social and economic implications and land costs. Carbon costs of construction and operation of the solar thermal plant were calculated based on a review of the primary literature. Carbon released from disruption of Desert of Arizona soil, construction of the solar thermal plant, and disruption of carbon sequestration capabilities were considered in the evaluation. [15] 8. RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS FLOWCHART CONCLUSION In this paper we define and implement the project procurement and risk management for our green show project,we specify the place and size of our project and also analysis of stackholders were made .We also investigate the area due to resources and geographical information .A list of items like systems ,services and materials etc was made and finally we also perform make or buy decisions for the items.Both types of qualatative and quantitative risk analysis was also made.We present a risk management plane in the form of flow chart with roles and resposibilities.We come to a point that project procrutment and risk management is the most important area of project management. REFERENCES [1] http://www.jasolar.com/ [2] http://michaelbluejay.com/sri/solar.html [3] http://maps.google.com/ [4] http://news.mongabay.com/2006/0209-solar.html [5] http://news.mongabay.com/2006/0113-energy.html [6] http://news.discovery.com/tech/ten-places-harness-solar.html [7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plants_in_the_Mojave_Desert [8] http://xeno.ipaustralia.gov.au/tmgoods.htm [9] http://www.treasury.gov.lk/FPPFM/pfd/circulars/NPACircular11.pdf 10) http://www.enotes.com/management-encyclopedia/make-buy-decision [11] SOLAR THERMAL IN THE MOJAVE DESERT, 13 March 2009. [12] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plants_in_the_Mojave_Desert [13] http://www.aps.com/ [14] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_Energy_Generating_Systems [15] Financing Solar Thermal Power Plants, Rainer Kistner and Henry W. Price, April 1999. [16] Erika Lecture notes

Network factors :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The shape of a network can take many different forms and these topologies can be connected by a variety of means. The differing topologies are Mesh, Bus, Ring and Star and each one will be examined and the advantages and disadvantages explored. These networks can be connected via Ethernet, Token Ring, Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) or wireless. Each of the connection methods will also be analyzed and the differences will be explained.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The term network topology refers to the physical layout of computers, cables, and other components that make up a network. The choice of one topology over another is important for the network professional and will have an impact on the type of equipment the network needs, the capabilities of the equipment, the growth of the network and the way the network is managed. The different types of topologies each require different communication methods and these will also have an influence on the network.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first topology to be discussed is the bus topology. It consists of devices that are connected to a common shared cable. The bus topology is the simplest and most common method of networking computers with the computers set up in a straight line. The single cable that feeds all of the computers is known as the trunk (also called backbone or segment) and connects all of the network computers in a single line. The computers communicate by addressing data to a certain computer and sending out the data onto the cable via electronic signals. The signal is sent out on the bus and only the computer whose address matches the address encoded in the original accepts the information. A disadvantage of the bus topology is that only one computer can send data at a time and this limits the number of computers that can be on the network. The more computers on the bus, the more computers will be waiting to put data on the bus and slow down network performance. Another disadvan tage is that if the trunk breaks or is becomes un-terminated, the network will cease to function since the signal will bounce. The advantage to a bus network is that if one computer on the bus fails, it will not affect the others on the bus.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A star topology has cable pieces from each computer connected to a central hub. The signals are transmitted from the sending computer through the hub to call computers on the network.

Carrying a Heavy Load

Carrying a Heavy Load The word carry means to hold, contain, or support something and to take that something you are holding or supporting to another place. In many cases when people talk about carrying things they speak about physically carrying an object with some amount of weight from one place to another. Many times however people carry things with them throughout life that have no physical weight, weighing themselves down with the â€Å"heavy† burdens that life brings.Both Wideman and Obrien’s short stories exemplify a common theme of persevering through struggles and relieving oneself of the weight of life’s struggles. The soldiers in O’Brien’s short story â€Å"The Things They Carried† carry heavy physical loads necessary for them to survive out in war, but they also carry heavy emotional loads which will be with them for the rest of their lives if they are unable to let them go. Some things the men carry are universal, like a compress in case of fatal injuries and a two-pound poncho that can be used as a raincoat, groundsheet, or tent.Most of the men are common, low-ranking soldiers and carry a standard M-16 assault rifle and several magazines of ammunition. Several men carry grenade launchers. All men carry the figurative weight of memory and the literal weight of one another. They carry Vietnam itself, in the heavy weather and the dusty soil. The things they carry are also determined by their rank or specialty. Each mans physical burden consisted of weapons, cigarettes, C rations, and packets of Kool-Aid, and the more intangible things, such as fear and silent awe, that weigh these soldiers down.As leader, for example, Lieutenant Jimmy Cross carries the maps, the compasses, and the responsibility for his men’s lives. The medic, Rat Kiley, carries morphine, malaria tablets, and supplies for serious wounds, and the responsibility to save lives. The things they carry depend on several factors, including th e men’s priorities and their constitutions. Because the machine gunner Henry Dobbins is exceptionally large, for example, he carries extra rations; because he is superstitious, he carries his girlfriend’s pantyhose around his neck.Nervous Ted Lavender carries marijuana and tranquilizers to calm himself down, and the religious Kiowa carries an illustrated New Testament, a gift from his father. With the amount of space that the author gives to enumerating the weight of these objects, one might assume that these objects are what are really important to these soldiers, but in reality it is the incalculable weight of their burdens that truly weigh them down. The â€Å"things† of the title that O’Brien’s characters carry are both literal and figurative.While they all carry heavy physical loads, they also all carry heavy emotional loads, composed of grief, terror, love, and longing. Each man’s physical burden underscores his emotional burden. Henry Dobbins, for example, carries his girlfriend’s pantyhose and, with them, the longing for love and comfort. Similarly, Lieutenant Jimmy Cross, of the Alpha Company, carries various reminders of his love for Martha, a girl from his college in New Jersey. Cross carries her letters in his backpack and her good-luck pebble in his mouth.He carries her photographs, including one of her playing volleyball, but closer to his heart still are his memories. Lavender, one of the soldiers in the story, gets shot on his way back from going to the bathroom. That night the soldiers sit in the darkness discussing the short span between life and death in an attempt to make sense of the situation. The morning after Lavender’s death, in the steady rain, Cross crouches in his foxhole and burns Martha’s letters and two photographs.By burning the physical reminders of Martha Cross believes that he will be able to forget about his past with her, and stop fantasizing about their future. O’Brien wrote â€Å"Besides, the letters were in his head. And even now, without photographs, Lieutenant Cross could see Martha playing volleyball in her white gym shorts and yellow T-shirt. He could see her moving in the rain. † Even without the pictures and the letters he was still carrying Martha. These emotional burdens are the heaviest because they are intangibles and therefore cannot be disposed of.Physical burdens are no more than that; if necessary they can be discarded. Emotional burdens, on the other hand, must be endured. O’Brien, speaking of cowardice in particular, says, â€Å"in many respects this was the heaviest burden of all, for it could never be put down. † The soldiers know there is no easy way to rid themselves of their fears because of their abstract nature, but they dream escapist dreams of flying away in a plane and â€Å"falling higher and higher,† free of weight.Jimmy Cross tries to rid himself of intangible burdens by di sposing of tangible ones that, to him, represent intangible qualities. He does this by burning his letters from Martha. He knows, though, that this simple act cannot rid him of his memories. â€Å"He realized it was only a gesture†¦ Besides, the letters were in his head. † His love for Martha is also represented by the small pebble, which she gave him, but the easily disposable pebble, which weighs merely an ounce, represents a much heavier emotional burden that he cannot rid himself of.Though in Wideman’s short story â€Å"Newborn Thrown in Trash and Dies† a tiny baby is cast down a rubbish chute with no tools to survive, no physical load except for her own weight, she carries a heavy emotional load and reflects on what her life might have been had she lived on each floor of the tenement building where her 19-year-old mother lives. In the first paragraph of the story Wideman quickly expresses the theme of carrying burdens. Wideman writes, â€Å"Your life rolled into a ball so dense, so super heavy it would drag the universe down to hell if this tiny tiny lump of whatever didn’t dissipate as quickly as its formed.Quicker. The weight of it is what you recall some infinitesimal fraction of when you stumble and crawl through your worst days on earth. † Here the newborn speaks about burdens and mishaps that come about in life. She explains to the reader that she will not be able to receive much of a life but that people would have nothing to live for if they did not forget about the struggles and problems that were flashed before their eyes before they were born into this world. The rest of the short story tells a complete play-by-play of the flash of life she had before she was brought into the world.Each floor represents another stage or point in her short life. The floors of this story disguise the days of life, and the newborn that will have no chance to experience them explains the days of life perfectly in these words; â€Å"I believe all floors are not equally interesting. Less reason to notice some then others. Equality would become boring, predictable. Though we may slight some and rattle on about others, that does not change the fact that each floor exists and the life on it is real, whether we pause to notice or not. †People cannot have a good day everyday or everyday would become boring and predictable. In many instances of life people are put into situations such as the war that the soldiers in â€Å"The Things They Carried†, that they have no control over, and that they could not even begin to explain to people for the mere fact that the situation that they are in no one should ever have to think about let alone experience. On the other end of the spectrum good days and good experiences are most often remembered and reminisced about for the rest of peoples lives, which they should be.The thing that people don’t realize is that very often people carry around the burden s of their pasts and the bad days that they have had which make the rest of their lives less enjoyable. After the war, the psychological burdens the men carried during the war will continue to define them. Those who survive will carry guilt, grief, and confusion, although the heavy backpack filled with tools to survive will be gone. In both stories the characters carried emotional burdens, the soldiers carried fear and hope as well as the newborn baby.The soldiers hoped to see another day, and were scared that the opportunity might not come. They had lived lives before the war and feared that they might never get the opportunity to live happily with their loved ones again so they carried belongings of their loved ones physically trying to keep their loved ones close and not forgotten. The same holds true with the newborn girl. She never gets the opportunity to experience her family, or to even establish a connection with anyone before she dies. Still she fantasizes about what it mig ht have been like, what might have happen.The emotional burdens of fear of death seem to be unbearable for the soldiers mainly because they know that they are losing the opportunity of life. The newborn however doesn’t seem bitter about dying, she feels sympathy for the mother who put her in the trash and accepts her life as being â€Å"how it is,† as she doesn’t know any better. All in all the characters of both the stories carry their emotional loads till death, or until they go back home which even then the psychological affects of the war will still haunt them until they learn to let them go.So as the newborn surrenders to her death she lets go of her emotional burdens floor by floor never looking back, so to should the soldiers realize that their days are numbered and tomorrow is never promised so just as Wideman wrote at the end of his second paragraphs about how people try to forget the flash of their life that occurs before they are born people should al so try to forget the bad days and the burdens of life as they happen and, â€Å"live your life as if it hasn’t happened before, as if the tape has not been punched full of holes, the die cast. †

Assimilation and Nationalism Free Essay Example, 13250 words

The Berbers in North Africa has been suffering linguistic imperialism through the systematic control of their language both by the West and by the Arab majority through the process of Arabisation. But what distinguishes imperialism to other kinds of subordination in all forms of the language is that there is a greater attempt to appropriate the psyche and the cultural practices of the colonized. Africa has become a place of rapid colonization since the scramble for Africa by various imperial countries due to vast economic promises and little resistance from multi-ethnic and linguistic communities. As the spirit of nationalism was more relaxed, it helped the French to divide and rule or for the British Company at first to indirectly rule the masses through their tribal leaders in most cases. Post independent Africa drew these instances of multi-ethnic separations of the African people that had given rise to colonization in Africa in the first place. This, till today, remains a big i ssue for political leaders to enhance African nationalism and not give much importance to ethnic claims to their independent heritage. Thus sometimes multiple ethnicity and nationalism seem opposing forces that have become another serious issue in the context of the Berbers. We will write a custom essay sample on Assimilation and Nationalism or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now North Africa comprises the countries of Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia, and Western Sahara. Close relations in culture and linguistics also make Eritrea and Ethiopia a part of North Africa. North Africa is generally included in common definitions with the Middle East due to similarities in religion and culture. My object of study is the Berbers of Northwest Africa. While Northeast Africa had been home to the Egyptians, Ethiopians and the Nubians, they were in constant contact with the Berbers. The Muslim-Arab conquest of the 7th century spread Arab culture and language, though the Berber and the Arabic languages are distantly related, both being members of the Afro-Asiatic family.